Noninvasive testing for colorectal cancer: a review.

摘要: Objectives Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death in United States. Endoscopic screening now favor and its use increasing, but overall participation rates are poor. A substantial percentage population will likely continue to resist endoscopic screening. As such, a noninvasive biomarker for early detection CRC remains priority. Herein, we (i) review currently available markers CRC, (ii) discuss newer that have undergone preliminary testing, (iii) introduce explain potentially promising future. Methods The published literature on was identified using MEDLINE/PubMed search with secondary cited publications. Results Noninvasive testing most advanced stool fecal occult blood, globin, or DNA mutations. Study abnormal mucins has also been explored. Research serum-based just beginning includes serum proteomics, nuclear matrix proteins, testing. Conclusions Serial guaiac-based blood (FOBT) simple, inexpensive, proven effective at reducing mortality from CRC. Immunochemical tests facilitate compliance offer improved specificity, increased cost comparison FOBT. Fecal may provide enhanced sensitivity FOBT, high limits generalized Rectal mucin requires additional evaluation determine specificity Serum tests, such as DNA, still their infancy, remain hope