作者: Ram B. Jain
DOI: 10.1007/S11356-017-8709-Y
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摘要: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used to study trends for urine serum creatinine over 2001–2014 those aged ≥20 years. In absence of chronic kidney disease, levels decreased total population, 20–29, 50–59, ≥70 years, males, Mexican Americans other race/ethnicities. Levels cotinine also exhibited a decreasing trend 20–29 40–49 females, non-Hispanic whites Americans. general, positively correlated disease stages 1–3 negatively 4 5.