作者: Laura Suter-Dick
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-397862-2.00012-7
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摘要: The so-called ’omics technologies, together with bioinformatics and pathway analysis tools, have made possible the study of pharmacological toxicological effects pharmaceuticals, environmental chemicals, other stimuli using molecular tools. Several disciplines can be used alone or in combination to predict organ toxicity, elucidate mechanisms identify putative safety biomarkers. Most data generated are transcriptomic profiles from animal tissues, microarrays create gene-expression databases amenable statistical generation prediction models. In vitro systems also for toxicogenomics proven useful mechanistic investigations, despite their poorer predictive performance. Both vivo focused on hepatotoxicity, hepatocarcinogenicity, nephrotoxicity. Proteomics metabolomics, conventional endpoints transcriptomics, helped generating hypotheses identifying qualifying Examples compound differentiation based fingerprints elucidation toxicity combining biomarker discovery described detail. Moreover, emerging biomarkers, namely tissue circulating microRNAs, briefly discussed.