Environmental, Social, and Economic Impacts

摘要: This chapter presents the environmental, social, economical, and health effects of marine plastic debris (MPD) causing direct or indirect damage to ecosystems human activities such as fishing aquaculture, shipping, recreational activities, tourism. The environmental impacts MPD on sea life refer increased levels mortality sublethal biodiversity caused by (1) entanglement animals in various types derelict nets (also referred “ghost” nets) fragments; (2) ingestion small pieces (micro)organisms; (3) dispersal via rafting many invasive species distant places; (4) creation new habitats species; (5) effect existing habitats. social include deterioration quality life, reduced opportunities, loss aesthetic value, nonuse vicarious value. economic relate reduction opportunities exploit environment, for pleasure profit.