Analogue modeling of flank instability at Mount Etna: Understanding the driving factors

摘要: [1] Mount Etna is characterized by significant flank instability, whose triggering factors are still a matter of debate. We use analog models to investigate the role different factors. In models, cone and base granular material simulate volcanic edifice its basement. The asymmetric geometry basement simulates topographic gradient around volcano. Injections silicone (sets A B) low-viscosity vegetable oil (set C) pressurization plutonic complex, deep reservoirs, emplacement dikes, respectively. Other experiments D) reproduce regional extensional tectonics in last 105 years, within layers with cohesion simulating strength differences Laser scanner control points allow tracking surface deformation submillimeter precision. topography enhances instability on side weakest confinement (i.e., seaside), providing preparing factor for instability. sets B, any type pressurized reservoir enhances, up 10 times, amount toward seaside respect other flanks set C, dike 8 times. Regional crustal layering D enhance 2 1.3 Considering duration frequency simulated processes nature, we propose semiquantitative evaluation hierarchy controlling at Etna. Magmatic activity (point-like source inflation emplacement) provides most important factor. Extensional tectonics, more than times less effective. This study shows importance differential buttressing volcano condition an indication expect (flank eruptions deformation).