Who are we sampling? Apparent survival differs between methods in a secretive species

摘要: Survival is a fundamental parameter in population dynamics with increasing importance the management and conservation strategies of wildlife populations. probability vertebrates usually estimated by live-encounter data obtained means physical mark-capture-recapture protocols. Non-invasive acoustic marking relying on individual-specific features signals has been alternatively applied as technique, especially secretive species. Nevertheless, to date no research compared survival rate estimates marking. We half-yearly annual recapture rates threatened passerine, Dupont's lark Chersophilus duponti, using two separate sets males collected simultaneously same study area. The analysis both methods led different model structures, since transient individuals had be accounted for but not set. Furthermore, while reencounter probabilities did differ between methods, employing were lower than those acoustically, postbreeding breeding period when apparent colour-banded birds was twice low combination suggested existence subsets differentially sampled within population: whereas seemed represent territorial fraction population, resident floater probably detected Using traditional mark-recapture exclusively could have misled our rates, potentially affecting prospective predictions dynamics. Acoustic poorly studies, might powerful complement obtain accurate demographic parameters such dispersal.