Insulin Receptor-Mediated Transmembrane Signalling

摘要: At least in part because of the intense interest generated by dramatic therapeutic effects insulin, when it was first used for patients like Leonard Thompson early 1920s, no single hormone has been more thoroughly investigated than insulin. Yet, at this moment time, over 60 years since discovery precise series reactions whereby insulin triggers a cellular response is not known. Nonetheless, as summarized other chapters volume, an enormous amount detailed information acquired about structural requirements interaction with its receptor, oligomeric structure receptor complex which associates proteins plasma membrane, receptor’s autophosphorylation and tyrosine kinase activity amino acid sequences biosynthesis ssubunits. There question anyone’s mind that all many actions stem from initial membrane receptor. But, main yet to be answered is: how does triggering cause such diverse spectrum responses cells interacts? The diversity (Table 1) seen only terms wide variety processes regulated (ranging changes polarization stimulation DNA synthesis) but also time frame responses, ranging milliseconds (membrane polarization) minutes (stimulation glucose transport) tens hours synthesis).