Cryptic inoviruses revealed as pervasive in bacteria and archaea across Earth's biomes.

摘要: Bacteriophages from the Inoviridae family (inoviruses) are characterized by their unique morphology, genome content and infection cycle. One of most striking features inoviruses is ability to establish a chronic whereby viral resides within cell in either an exclusively episomal state or integrated into host chromosome virions continuously released without killing host. To date, relatively small number inovirus isolates have been extensively studied, for biotechnological applications, such as phage display, because effect on toxicity known bacterial pathogens including Vibrio cholerae Neisseria meningitidis. Here, we show that current 56 members represent minute fraction highly diverse group inoviruses. Using machine learning approach leveraging combination marker gene features, identified 10,295 inovirus-like sequences microbial genomes metagenomes. Collectively, our results call reclassification order six distinct proposed families associated with nearly all phyla across virtually every ecosystem. Putative were also detected several archaeal genomes, suggesting that, collectively, this supergroup infect hosts domains Bacteria Archaea. Finally, expansive diversity inovirus-encoded toxin-antitoxin expression modulation systems, alongside evidence both synergistic (CRISPR evasion) antagonistic (superinfection exclusion) interactions co-infecting viruses, which experimentally validated Pseudomonas model. Capturing previously obscured component global virosphere may spark new avenues manipulation approaches innovative applications.