An updated synthesis of the observed and projected impacts of climate change on the chemical, physical and biological processes in the oceans

摘要: The 5th Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states with very high certainty that anthropogenic emissions have caused measurable changes in physical ocean environment. These are summarized special focus those predicted to strongest, most direct effects biological processes; namely, warming and associated phenomena (including stratification sea level rise) as well deoxygenation acidification. these then discussed for microbes phytoplankton), plants, animals, warm cold-water corals, ecosystems. IPCC AR5 highlighted several areas related both processes required further research. As a rapidly developing field, there been many pertinent studies published since cut off dates AR5, which increased our understanding at work. This study undertook an extensive review recently literature update findings provide synthesized main issues facing future oceans. detail provided subsequent work basis constructing projections state ecosystems 2100 under two Representative Concentration Pathways RCP4.5 8.5. Finally highlights notable additions, clarifications points departure from by studies.