Pollination by hoverflies in the Anthropocene.

摘要: Pollinator declines, changes in land use and climate-induced shifts phenology have the potential to seriously affect ecosystem function food security by disrupting pollination services provided insects. Much of current research focuses on bees, or groups other insects together as 'non-bee pollinators', obscuring relative contribution this diverse group organisms. Prominent among pollinators' are hoverflies, known visit at least 72% global crops, which we estimate be worth around US$300 billion per year, with over 70% animal pollinated wildflowers. In addition, hoverflies provide functions not seen such crop protection from pests, recycling organic matter long-distance pollen transfer. Migratory species, particular, can hugely abundant unlike many insect pollinators, do yet appear serious decline. review, contrast roles bees discuss need for monitoring different pollinator responses anthropogenic change examine emerging into large populations migratory threats they face how might used improve sustainable agriculture.