The endoplasmic reticulum is a hub to sort proteins toward unconventional traffic pathways and endosymbiotic organelles.

摘要: The discovery that much of the extracellular proteome in eukaryotic cells consists proteins lacking a signal peptide, which cannot therefore enter secretory pathway, has led to identification alternative protein secretion routes bypassing Golgi apparatus. However, harboring peptide for translocation into endoplasmic reticulum can also be transported along these routes, are still far from being well elucidated terms molecular machineries and subcellular/intermediate compartments involved. In this review, we first try provide definition all unconventional pathways cells, as those followed by directed an 'external space' Golgi, where refers space plus lumen route inner mitochondria plastids. Then, discuss role sorting toward traffic plants. regard, various exporting vacuole, plasma membrane, apoplast, mitochondria, plastids described, including short resident reticulum.