摘要: Pulmonary manifestations of systemic sclerosis (SSc, scleroderma) are manifold (Table 1) and often have a profound influence on the course disease. A discussion all pulmonary complications SSc is beyond scope this article but presented in recent review. 10 The two major conditions occurring among patients, hypertension interstitial fibrosis 2), will be discussed detail. Isolated occurs primarily patients with limited cutaneous (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly, telangiectasia [CREST] variant) absence significant fibrosis, whereas either or diffuse SSc.