DNA Methylation in Urological Cancers

摘要: Urological cancers are a diverse group with different alterations of DNA methylation. In all urological cancers, hypermethylation specific genes has been described. contrast, methylation repetitive sequences is often diminished, resulting in decreased overall levels (“global hypomethylation”). Altered imprinting also found. Testicular tumors derived from more or less immature germ cells whose patterns they reflect. Subtypes can be distinguished by the extents global hypomethylation and hypermethylation. Renal cell carcinomas typically display restricted to important for tumor development progression. By comparison, severely disturbed prostate bladder which multiple coexists genome-wide hypomethylation. Causes altered may differ. Hypermethylation could incidental renal but likely caused primary defects machinery still undefined. However, potential influences diet chemical carcinogens need better understood. acts as an mechanism silencing suppressor genes. Global correlates chromosomal instability. The underlying this association not detected urine, ejaculate, blood tissue biopsies. assays improve detection, monitoring, staging classification near future employed select patient-adapted therapies. efficacy, application range risk inducing progression drugs targeting yet determined cancers. diversity these require carefully adapted approach optimal exploitation their alterations.