Diet during pregnancy, neonatal outcomes and later health

摘要: Renewed interest in nutrition during pregnancy has been generated by the hypothesis that adult disease origins early life. Animal experiments clearly show altering maternal diet before and can induce permanent changes offspring's birth size, health lifespan. Among women living Western societies, cigarette smoking is most important factor known to reduce fetal growth, followed low pre-pregnancy weight gestational gain. Obesity also associated with complications adverse neonatal outcomes, so inadequate or excessive energy intake not optimal for developing fetus. Against a history of inconsistent results, several recent studies suggest settings balance macronutrients woman's influence newborn size. Effects appear be modest, but this relationship may encapsulate full significance child, as there emerging evidence associations long-term metabolic functioning are independent Consequences nutrition, offspring, depend on timing gestation, reflecting critical windows development. Where malnourished, changing nutritional plane detrimental unborn baby, systematic reviews literature dietary supplementation indicate few benefits possible risks. In view this, improved deserves greater attention.