Aggressive Behavior, Intraspecific

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the intraspecific, aggressive, or agonistic behaviors that represent a conglomerate of social responses, including male disputes over territorial boundaries, female fights to protect an offspring, harassment and forced copulations, infant abuse killing. The form frequency behavior partially reflect sophistication systems. Aquatic mammals vary widely in complexity their societies thus manifestation behaviors. most openly competitive characterize otariids, walrus, Odobenus rosmarus , phocids live crowded conditions (e.g., elephant seals, Mirounga spp., gray Halichoerus grypus ), fertile ground for aggressive interactions. Conversely, polar bears, Ursus maritimus all mysticetes river dolphins, some other are mostly solitary, except mother–calf bond short periods during reproduction which breeding males engage scramble competition receptive females. complex systems aquatic would odontocete cetaceans such as killer whales, Orcinus orca ; pilot Globicephala melas bottlenose Tursiops spp.; sperm Physeter macrocephalus. These species stable units show coordinated, cooperative long-term, shared history among individuals group have ritualized many overt responses typical polygynous pinnipeds.