Real-world PM, NOx, CO, and ultrafine particle emission factors for military non-road heavy duty diesel vehicles

摘要: Abstract Training on US military bases involves nonroad diesel vehicles with emissions that can affect base personnel, nearby communities, and attainment of air quality standards. Nonroad engines contribute 44% PM 12% total NOx from mobile sources nationwide. Although sector fuel use accounts for only ≈0.4% distillate in US, factors measured these improve the representation relatively small (as compared to onroad sources) database emission factors. Heavy-duty multi-axle, all-wheel drive trucks are not compatible regular single-axle dynamometers their cannot be under standard laboratory conditions. We have developed a novel in-plume technique measure in-use elevated stack. Real-world gaseous particulate matter (PM) (EFs) ten 7-ton 6-wheel two 8-wheel heavy tactical Logistics Vehicle System (LVS) were using sampling. The EFs comparable those while 2-stroke LVS ≈10 times higher than vehicles. Lower EC/PM ratio was observed MTVR. number 5.9 × 1014 particles km−1 2.5 × 1016 particles km−1 LVSs, three orders magnitude proposed European Union 6 × 1011 particles km−1. sampled extended used broader including agriculture mining as inputs NONROAD model.