Plant tissue culture in biotechnology: recent advances in transformation through somatic embryogenesis

摘要: 118 The development of cell, tissue and organ culture methods was rapidly accelerated in the second half previous century after establishing robust cell techniques media formulation for vitro growth plant material [1–8]. A stunning number articles have been published on induction maintenance non-differentiated cells regeneration plants from them whether through organogenesis or somatic embryogenesis. Fine protocols were established enzymatically isolated single protoplasts [9], which able to regenerate into [10–12]. In became an essential part many micropropagation protocols. Culture organs bioreactors used production different secondary metabolites pharmaceuticals. mutants, haploids, virus-free material, also preservation rare genotypes specific cultures [13–15]. first positive results Agro bac te rium-mediated transformation reported 1983 [16–18]. simple method transferring genes inoculation leaf discs with Agrobacterium tumefaciens followed by whole Horsch et al. [19]. Different DNA delivery including electroporation [20], PEG treatment [21, 22], microinjection [23], sonication [24], biolistics particle bombardment [25], silicon carbide Whiskers [26, 27], purposes types genotypes. However, Agrobac terium-mediated a preferred method. is natural vector system transgenes wide range species, providing efficient «clean» insertion genome deserved be called «tzar genetic engineering» [28]. past 30 years discovery application new technologies essentially sped up improvement major cultivated crops. first, really commercially grown hit market mid — 1990s. Practically all systems based methods. It impossible transform organism at once. All transforming callus, leaves, pollen, roots other than embryogenesis organogenesis. Routine highly important crop particular implemented biotechnology companies. UDK 575327/275.854