Spatial planning of a climate adaptation zone for wetland ecosystems

摘要: Here we present a spatial planning approach for the implementation of adaptation measures to climate change in conservation ecological networks. We analyse wetland ecosystems Dutch National Ecological Network locations where effectiveness network might be weakened because change. first identify potential dispersal bottlenecks connectivity insufficient facilitate range expansions. then habitat patches that have too low carrying capacity populations cope with additional population fluctuations caused by weather extremes. Finally, describe steps were followed determine best measures. An essential part our strategy is concentrate ‘climate zone’. Concentrating cost-effective strategy, rendering largest benefit per area unit. Measures are taken abiotic conditions optimal and enhance cohesion close existing areas, thus creating highest possible lowest demands. Another zone it provides protection activities will negative impact on ecosystem functioning avoided or mitigated. The following proposed within zone: (1) link networks enable species disperse from future suitable zones, (2) enlarge either enlarging size natural areas improving quality shorten recovery after disturbances, (3) increase heterogeneity preferably stimulating landscape-forming processes, avoid large synchronised extinctions extreme events. presented can generalised develop zones other types inside outside Europe, fragmentation limiting factor biodiversity responses