Ultraviolet Remote Sensing of Volcanic Emissions

摘要: Satellite-based ultraviolet remote sensing of volcanic eruptions has produced quantitative measurements the mass sulfur dioxide and ash in clouds by accounting for ozone absorption Rayleigh scattering atmosphere. These retrieval techniques were developed with data from total mapping spectrometer (TOMS) instruments on American, Russian, Japanese satellites. The retrievals have been validated against ground-based Brewer COSPEC measurements. are agreement AVHRR two-band infrared retrievals. Daily satellite monitoring detected, tracked, quantified SO 2 emissions a wide range eruptive activity, highly explosive to effusive types, an unprecedented 20-year record global volcanism. Primary findings TOMS (1) observations excess over that liberated during liquid-phase degassing indicated existence volatile phase preerupted magma; (2) indirect evidence co-erupted H S gas apparent increase drifting clouds; (3) insights into removal rates atmosphere, interactions co-emitted particles, responses meteorological conditions; (4) potential operational application detection aviation hazard mitigation.