Novel lawsone-containing ruthenium(II) complexes: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer activity on 2D and 3D spheroid models of prostate cancer cells.

摘要: Abstract This study describes a series of newly synthesized phosphine/diimine ruthenium complexes containing the lawsone as bioligand with enhanced cytotoxicity against different cancer cells, and apoptosis induction in prostatic cells DU-145. The [Ru(law)(N-N)2]PF6 where N-N is 2,2′-bipyridine (1) or 1,10-phenanthroline (2) [Ru(law)(dppm)(N-N)]PF6, dppm means bis(diphenylphosphino)methane, (3) (4), law lawsone, were fully characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, NMR, UV–vis, IR spectroscopies cyclic voltammetry. interaction (1–4) DNA was evaluated circular dichroism, gel electrophoresis, fluorescence, presented interactions minor grooves DNA. phosphinic exhibited remarkably broad spectrum anticancer activity approximately 34-fold higher than cisplatin 5-fold doxorubicin, inhibiting growth 3D tumor spheroids ability to retain colony survival DU-145 cells. Also, complex (4) inhibits cell adhesion migration potential indicating antimetastatic properties. mechanism its found be related increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, BAX/BCL-2 ratio subsequent induction. Overall, these findings suggested that could promising candidate for further evaluation chemotherapeutic agent prostate treatment.