Critical Appraisal of Targeted Ultrasound Contrast Agents for Molecular Imaging in Large Arteries

摘要: Abstract Molecular imaging may provide new insights into the early detection and development of atherosclerosis before first symptoms occur. One techniques in use employs noninvasive ultrasound. In past decade, experimental clinical validation studies showed that for microcirculation targeted ultrasound contrast agents, such as echogenic liposomes, microbubbles perfluorocarbon emulsions, do improve visualization specific structures. For large arteries, however, successful application is less obvious. this review, we will address challenges molecular arteries. We discuss problems encountered agents presently available, mainly based on data obtained flow chambers animal because are lacking. conclude activated endothelium large- middle-sized arteries by site-specific accumulation material still difficult to achieve due wall shear stress conditions these vessels. ( A.Hoeks@bf.unimaas.nl )