Persistence of the Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic Difloxacin in Soil and Lacking Effects on Nitrogen Turnover

摘要: The environmental risks caused by the use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics in human therapeutics and animal husbandry are associated with their persistence (bio)accessibility soil. To assess these aspects, we administered difloxacin to pigs applied contaminated manure We then evaluated dissipation sequestration soil absence presence plants within a laboratory trial, mesocosm field trial. A sequential extraction yielded antibiotic fractions differing binding strength. also assessed antibiotic's effects on nitrogen turnover (potential nitrification denitrification). Difloxacin was hardly (bio)accessible very persistent under all conditions studied (dissipation half-life bulk soil, >217 d), rapidly forming nonextractable residues. Although varying did not affect persistence, accelerated surrounding plant roots. Effects were limited due compound's strong small despite its persistence.