Continuous Noninvasive Aortic Blood Flow Monitoring

摘要: Haemodynamic monitoring in both operating theatre and intensive care environments remains predominantly pressure-based even though these variables are well recognised as coarse, non-specific generally late indicators of cardiovascular deterioration. The sensitivity pressure measurements detecting changes flow ventricular end-diastolic volumes undermined further by body temperature, compliance, volaemic status reflex vasoconstriction. A normal blood frequently masks an inadequate cardiac output while severe hypovolemia may be present despite or elevated central venous pressures.