Causes of spatial genetic structure in mammals: A case study in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil

摘要: Causes of Spatial Genetic Structure in Mammals: A Case Study the Atlantic Forest, Brazil Anders Goncalves da Silva One fundamental links between ecological and evolutionary processes at fine spatial scales is association dispersal gene flow. Population genetic theory predicts that degree differentiation among subpopulations inversely related to amount Landscape ecology demonstrates landscape connectivity a function species’ capacity. Dispersal distance mammals with both body size trophic level, which suggests these natural history characteristics could be good predictors structure mammals. The actual significantly dependent on heterogeneity surrounding landscape. Because connectivity, most species, scale it plausible think will also characteristics. To explore test this hypothesis, I studied distribution variation across species differing level within single Samples were collected fragmented Pontal do Paranapanema, western tip State Sao Paulo, Brasil. area contained Forest Interior biome. Both dung blood samples from collared peccary (Tayassu tajacu), white-lipped pecari), lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris), ocelot (Leopardus pardalis), jaguar (Panthera onca). For jaguars, obtained two other locations, allowing for exploration larger species. pumas (Puma concolor) collect, but they insufficient number analysis, was removed study. evaluated using microsatellites. Two different approaches taken analyze data. First, inferred Bayesian model, simulation data showed robust conditions present then overlaid map infer barriers Second, investigated scaling an isolation-by-distance framework peccary, ocelot. Here, examined correlation relationships individuals each measures geographic distance. results show significant all five remaining Habitat fragmentation affects however, as expected, scales. smaller peccaries partitions are correlated habitat than tapir, or either carnivores. Levels differentiation, when compared landscape, higher herbivores In addition, dispersal, measured by point inflection curve, increases being peccaries, intermediary whitelipped highest tapirs. And, current suggest may very similar tapirs (large herbivore) ocelots (small carnivore). However, social displayed inflating due effective population implies. But, fact still display carnivores not important factor determining differences short period (measured generations) since occurred probably means some observed patterns transition, therefore there lack drift – flow equilibrium. As such, might reflective past rather levels fragmentation. These general agreement initial predictions support hypothesis scalable trophic. Collectively, indicate structure. principle, would allow studies undertaken experimental setting animals (e.g. insects mice) finer generalized independent should carried out further corroborate findings published here. This more controlled experiments examine effects size, factors such structure, heterogeneity, non-equilibrium forces From conservation view, study shows approach can generate useful information. density needed analyses genetics preclude use settings too scarce, little prior historical make specific recommendations Paranapanema