Distribution and habitat associations of the critically endangered bird species of São Tomé Island (Gulf of Guinea)

摘要: Sao Tome holds 20 endemic bird species, including the little known and ‘Critically Endangered’ Dwarf Olive Ibis Bostrychia bocagei, Fiscal Lanius newtoni Grosbeak Neospiza concolor. We conducted a systematic survey of core forest area, performing 1,680 point counts compiling occasional observations, which enabled identification new areas occurrence for target species. MaxEnt distribution modelling suggested that ibis fiscal have roughly half potential area had been assumed (127 117 km2, respectively), while it more than doubled grosbeak (187 km2). The south-west central region island, most is included in Obo Natural Park, has highest Critically Endangered birds. confirmed association all species with native forest. preferred high tree density, selected low density intermediate altitudes. Despite very restricted ranges, population sizes seem to be larger previously assumed. These results suggest might better classified as ‘Endangered’, should maintain its status under different criteria, due range during breeding season. This work provides vital ecological knowledge support conservation action focusing on these their habitats, highlighting need improve effectiveness Park protecting unique biodiversity.