Prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting.

摘要: Purpose. The physiology, risk factors, and prevention treatment of postoperative nausea vomiting (PONV) are discussed. Summary. Factors to consider when determining a patient’s for PONV include sex, history PONV, motion sickness, smoking status, duration anesthesia, use opioids, type surgery. Receptors that, activated, can cause or both dopamine 2, serotonin 3, histamine 1, muscarinic cholinergic 1 receptors. Patients at moderate high benefit from the administration prophylactic antiemetic agent that blocks one more these Effective agents transdermal scopolamine, prochlorperazine, promethazine, droperidol, ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron, dexamethasone. In high-risk patients, combining two antiemetics with different mechanisms action has been shown be effective than using single agent. addition administering antiemetic, it is important reduce by considering regional inducing maintaining general anesthesia propofol, ensuring good intravenous hydration, avoiding hypotension, providing analgesia. If occurs in immediate period, best treated an pharmacologic class agent. Conclusion. Prophylactic therapy effective, but combinations may necessary patients. Nonpharmacologic strategies also important.