Neurophysiology of HCN channels: From cellular functions to multiple regulations

摘要: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) cation channels are encoded by HCN1-4 gene family and have four subtypes. These activated upon hyperpolarization of membrane potential conduct an inward, excitatory current Ih in the nervous system. acts as pacemaker to initiate rhythmic firing, dampen dendritic excitability regulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release. This review summarizes recent insights into cellular functions associated behavior such learning memory, sleep arousal. HCN excellent targets various signals finely neuronal responses external stimuli. Numerous mechanisms, including transcriptional control, trafficking, well channel assembly modification, underlie regulation. In next section, we discuss how intracellular signals, especially findings concerning protein kinases interacting proteins cGKII, Ca(2+)/CaMKII TRIP8b, function expression channels, subsequently provide overview effects neurotransmitters on their corresponding mechanisms. We also dysregulation pathological conditions. Finally, insight future directions this exciting area ion research is provided.