Pathological Consequences of Commensalism

摘要: This chapter discusses the classical distinguishing characteristics of persistent pathogens, that they elicit host responses, including inflammation, and have capacity to damage host, are increasingly being associated with so-called commensal flora as well. The focus is mainly on normal gastrointestinal tract. All external certain, but not all, internal body surfaces covered by a film microorganisms, microflora. upper respiratory tract, perineum, vagina, distal urethra contain large resident bacterial populations, while bronchi, alveolar spaces, urinary uterus normally sterile. Macrophages from animals colonized microflora also display increased cytotoxic activity, secrete more oxygen radicals, levels cyclic AMP, produce interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha in response lipopolysaccharide (LPS) than macrophages germfree animals. Intestinal immune responses induced Peyer's patches, which mucosal lymphoid nodules specialized epithelium, follicle-associated epithelium. Oral tolerance protects us exaggerated responsiveness, inflammatory antigens dangerous, thus minimizes risk states mucosa. Colon cancer one most common neoplastic diseases wealthy populations relatively uncommon developing countries. Staphylococci been implicated pathogenesis atopic dermatitis. Evidently, epidemiological connection between intestinal colonization pattern allergy development needs be further studied.