Évaluation de la valeur des massifs de forêt résiduelle pour la conservation du caribou forestier (Rangifer tarandus caribou)

作者: Rémi Lesmerises

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摘要: RESUME: Le caribou forestier (Rangifer tarandus caribou) est une espece a statut particulier en declin dans presque l'ensemble de son aire repartition. Face ce constat, des strategies d'amenagement ont ete suggerees et mises en place l'optique stabiliser les populations. Au Quebec, cette strategie s'articule principalement autour la conservation de grands massifs forestiers 100 250 km2. Il demeurait toutefois incertitudes quant a taille necessaire pour que ces puissent remplir leur role meme qu'a l'effet des perturbations anthropiques presentes proximite. De plus, considerant l'importance du lichen terricole diete du caribou, particulierement hiver, disposition plus eclairee d'un point vue alimentaire pourrait avoir repercussions positives sur survie individus, d'ou l'interet developper un outil permettant predire la repartition lichen ainsi sa biomasse. Nous avons donc formule comme hypotheses l'utilisation residuels par le serait fonction de la ceux-ci mais aussi composition structure paysage environnant et ce echelles spatiales variant selon cycle vital. Concernant biomasse lichen terricole, elle influencee peuplement position geographique. En comparant les attributs utilisation par nous souligne ceux-ci, grande echelle laquelle l'environnement influencait comportement celle-ci pouvant atteindre 7,5 km saison. Les routes chalets avaient generalement effet negatif sur alors la proximite avec d'autres habitats favorables avait inverse. Suite inventaire terrain, nous developpe indice l'echelle du paysage, etant plus importante peuplements faible densite hauteur ainsi qu'aux latitudes elevees. Ces resultats permettront raffiner strategies de conservation utilisation l'espace tout en protegeant ses ressources alimentaires. -- ABSTRACT: Forest-dwelling caribou), vulnerable species, has experienced severe decline throughout its entire range. To address this issue, forest management were developed and applied in order to maintain viable populations. In Quebec (Canada), the strategy aimed protect large patches of undisturbed mature forest ranging from However, there was some uncertainty about real size required influence surrounding disturbed matrix ensure residual patch use by caribou. Considering importance terrestrial diet, especially during winter, protected patch that account for food resource could favour survival. This underlines necessity develop predictive tool to assess distribution biomass. We therefore hypothesized fore st will be related their size but also landscape and structure at scales vary following seasons. proposed lichen biomass influenced stand structures geographic gradients. By linking residual forest attributes use we underlined of patch highlighted scale which environment caribou behaviour (i.e. , 0.4 7.5 km2 depending on season). Patch average negatively roads cabins while being favoured proximity of suitable habitat. Based field surveys, an index predict scale. demonstrated stands low density small height supported higher biomass along latitudinal south-north gradient. believe that our results help revisiting our conservation management practices the landscape level using perspective standpoint. They allow managers to prioritize areas are most likely contain high biomass, thus favouring population maintenance heavily landscape.

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