Influence des proies sur le déplacement d'un prédateur : étude du système loup-orignal-caribou

作者: Solène Tremblay-Gendron

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摘要: RESUME: La competition apparente peut survenir lors de la presence deux proies qui ne sont pas en directe pour leurs ressources mais evoluent d'un predateur commun. Par ce phenomene, l'augmentation densite d'orignaux dans les paysages anthropises, entraine une reponse numerique du loup ainsi qu'une augmentation pression predation, compromet conservation caribou forestier. Cependant, le comportement predation favoriser coexistence des proies, si celui-ci se concentre sur l'orignal, proie plus competitive. Cette etude vise a determiner l'influence disponibilite locale deplacement loup, en tenant compte autres caracteristiques d'habitats susceptibles d'influencer son comportement. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons utilise donnees telemetriques de loups, et caribous effectuees au sein meme site d'etude. Nous utilise une analyse (Step Selection Function) afin comparer chaque trajectoire observee soit ligne droite tracee entre localisations consecutives, a dix trajectoires aleatoires avaient origine point depart. analyse l'effet probabilites relatives d'occurrence l'orignal leur densite sur differents types couverts forestiers, plans d'eau, topographie, couvert nival structures lineaires anthropiques (routes pavees chemins forestiers). Les resultats ont indique variation temporelle dans l'influence differentes d'habitat loups selon les periodes annuelles, influencant principalement les cours de la periode nomade. Durant cette periode, recherchaient habitats propices ses proies etait module par proies, mais principalement conditions rendant vulnerables. Ainsi, avons observe que aux lorsque de caribous elevee. Ce resultat suggere la coexistence d'orignal, particulierement est confine sa augmente localement. -- ABSTRACT: Apparent can occurs when two preys do not compete for resources, but evolved with the same predator. Through an increase in moose density disturbed landscapes, this phenomenon could trigger wolf numerical response and in predation risk, which ultimately compromise woodland conservation. However, behaviour of wolves favour prey coexistence, if focus their pressure on moose, most competitive prey. The goal study was to determine influence availability movement while considering the impacts other habitat characteristics behaviour. We analyzed wolf, and caribou telemetry data collected area. Wolf analysed using Step Function compares each observed step (a straight line linking two consecutive locations) ten random steps originating from same point. assessed relative occurrence probability and density movement, addition to forest coyer, water bodies, topography, snow coyer anthropogenic linear (namely paved forestry roads). Results showed time between annual periods characteristics on movements. Moose influenced movements mainly during the nomadic period. Wolves seek suitable although varied according local vulnerability. Thus, we that selected habitats are as where occurred at high densities. Our study suggests may moose, especially is confined within small areas, leading increases in density.

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