Cognitive styles in individuals with bipolar disorders.

摘要: Background. Published studies of emotional processing and cognitive style in bipolar disorders tend to have small sample sizes or use non-clinical samples. Larger clinically representative are needed. Method. Self-esteem, dysfunctional attitudes personality were compared unipolar (N = 16) disorder 77); then investigated the different phases (remitted 26; depressed 38; hypomanic 13). One-year outcome was assessed 36 subjects. Results. Unipolar subjects differed significantly their mean levels negative self-esteem (unipolar 15.5; bipolar= 12.7; P<0.05). Bipolar with hypomania reported beliefs that higher than individuals remission but lower 136.7; 153.8; 144.8; P < 0.05). Hypomanic recorded highest as well positive self-esteem. In exploratory analysis outcome, (Exp [B] 1.91; 95% CI 1.11 3.32; 0.05) most robust predictor relapse. Conclusions. There similarities disorders. Cognitive represents a phase between depression rather polar opposite depression. The implications these findings considered for psychological neural network models.