Footprints of climate change on Mediterranean Sea biota

摘要: The Mediterranean Sea ranks among the ocean regions warming fastest. There is evidence for impacts of climate change on marine organisms but a quantitative assessment lacking. We compiled reported in literature to provide Sea. During last three decades summer surface temperature has increased 1.15 oC. Strong heat wave events have occurred years 1994, 2003 and 2009. Impacts are evident growth, survival, fertility, migration phenology pelagic benthic organisms, from phytoplankton vegetation, invertebrates vertebrates. Overall, 50 % biological occur at anomaly ≤ 4.5 oC 27.5 activation energy (geometric mean 1.58 ± 0.48 eV), slope Arrhenius equation describing temperature-dependence processes, response biota reveals that these responses far steepest than possibly explained by direct effect alone. observations biased toward northern western sectors basin, likely underestimating areas where particularly intense.