Electron cyclotron heating in tokamaks

摘要: Tokamaks may be efficiently heated at electron cyclotron resonance by launching of the extraordinary wave from inside torus with a simple waveguide aperture. For typical tokamak parameters, 90% incident energy is absorbed in one traversal resonant surface. There an effective maximum density for linear heating point where plasma frequency equal to frequency. The bulk electrons heated, increasing perpendicular no tendency accelerate high tail velocity distribution. ordinary launched outside somewhat smaller efficiency. Heating rates and diffusion coefficients are presented.