Molecular mechanisms of flavonoids in melanin synthesis and the potential for the prevention and treatment of melanoma.

摘要: Flavonoids are becoming popular nutraceuticals. Different flavonoids show similar or distinct biological effects on different tissues cell types, which may limit define their usefulness in cancer prevention and/or treatment application. This review focuses a few selected and discusses functions normal transformed pigment cells, including cyanidin, apigenin, genistein, fisetin, EGCG, luteolin, baicalein, quercetin kaempferol. exhibit melanogenic anti-melanogenic mainly via transcriptional factor MiTF the melanogenesis enzymes tyrosinase, DCT TYRP-1. To identify direct target has been challenge as most studies were not able to discriminate whether effect(s) of flavonoid from targeting represented indirect effects. an anti-melanoma effect inhibiting proliferation invasion inducing apoptosis. The mechanisms also multi-fold, ROS-scavenging, immune-modulation, cycle regulation epigenetic modification DNA methylation histone deacetylation. In summary, although many compounds extremely promising nutraceuticals, detailed molecular mechanism multi-target (simultaneously multiple molecules) nature warrant further investigation before advancement translational clinical trials.