What have we learnt from "real world" data, observational studies and meta-analyses.

摘要: The incretin therapies glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors are now well-established as second third-line in combination with insulin for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Over last decade, there is accumulating evidence their efficacy safety from both large multicentre randomized clinical trials (RCT) observational studies. Cardiovascular outcome have confirmed that several these agents also non-inferior to placebo GLP-1 RA liraglutide semaglutide recently found be superior terms major adverse cardiovascular events. Observational studies post-marketing surveillance provide real world effectiveness provided reassurance signals pancreatitis pancreatic cancer seen not concern patient populations. Well-designed complement RCTs systematic reviews but appropriate data methodologies, which constantly improving, necessary answer questions relating use therapies.