An updated overview of HPV-associated head and neck carcinomas.

摘要: // Apostolos Zaravinos 1,2 1 Molecular Medicine Research Center and Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Department Biological Sciences, University Cyprus, 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus. 2 Division Clinical Immunology Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 14145 Huddinge, Sweden. Correspondence: Zaravinos, email: Keywords : Head neck squamous-cell carcinoma; human papilloma virus; oropharyngeal squamous cell p16INK4A; PD-1; PDL-1; CTLA-4; HPV vaccines; therapeutic cancer management HPV-induced HNSCCs. Received March 28, 2014 Accepted April 30, Published May 1, Abstract Human virus (HPV)-associated head carcinoma is quite heterogeneous most the tumors arise in oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx larynx. was just recently recognized as an emerging risk factor for (OSCC). HPV(+) represent 5-20% all carcinomas (HNSCCs) 40-90% those arising from with widely variable rates depending on geographic area, population, relative prevalence environment-related SCC detection assay. Different carcinogenic mechanisms are likely implicated cervical carcinogenesis. The certain genotype region common high-risk genotype, HPV-16, frequently detected OSCC. A combination p16 INK4A expression molecular DNA gold standard viral identification tissue exfoliated samples. Differences biology HPV(-) OSCC may have implications patients. New immunotherapy drugs based release co-inhibitory receptors, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) programmed-death (PD-1) currently emerged. goal vaccination inculcation a persistent, tumor antigen-specific T response which kills cells. efficacy current vaccines, Cervarix Gardasil, preventing HPV-related HNSCC at present unknown. Treatment de-escalation recommended