Testosterone and child and adolescent adjustment: the moderating role of parent-child relationships.

摘要: In a sample of established middle- and working-class families with normally developing children adolescents ranging in age from 6 to 18 years, sons' daughters' testosterone levels showed little direct connection risk behavior or symptoms depression. contrast, testosterone's positive relation negative depression were conditional on the quality parent-child relations. As relationship increased, testosterone-related adjustment problems less evident. When decreased, testosterone-linked risk-taking more evidence. Few relations found between parents' child behavior. Boys' girls' ages stages pubertal development important for understanding expression hormone-related problem some cases but not others.