Dysphoric mania and mixed states

摘要: Mixed states and depressive or dysphoric mania have been described by Kraepelin at the beginning of century. They recently became focus interest research. This type bipolar disorder is frequent (30-40%), severe, difficult to treat. can be associated with neurological developmental disorders, substance abuse other conditions. These patients are less responsive lithium than pure mania. Anticonvulsant drugs appear more efficacious. prescribed lithium. ECT proved useful in case non response. The nature these conditions still a matter discussion: protracted transitional state mood switch, association ultra-rapid cycling, rather superimposition two psychopathologies physiopathogeny depression.