Modeling the Effect of Temperature on Membrane Response of Light Stimulation in Optogenetically-Targeted Neurons.

摘要: Optogenetics is revolutionizing Neuroscience, but an often neglected effect of light stimulation the brain generation heat. In extreme cases, light-generated heat kills neurons, mild temperature changes alter neuronal function. To date, most in vivo experiments rely on neural tissue using fiber-coupled lasers various wavelengths. Brain irradiated with high power that can be deleterious to Furthermore, absorbed generates lead permanent damage and affect excitability. Thus, alone generate effects function are unrelated genuine "optogenetic effect." this work, we perform a theoretical analysis investigate transfer rodent for standard optogenetic protocols. More precisely, first use Kubelka-Munk model propagation observe absorption phenomenon. Then, optothermal considering common laser wavelengths (473 593 nm) used approaching time/space numerical solution Pennes' bio-heat equation Finite Element Method. Finally, then modeled channelrhodopsin-2 single spontaneous-firing neuron explore stimulated neurons. We found that, at commonly intensities, radiation considerably increases surrounding tissue. This alters action potential size shape causes increase spontaneous firing frequency model. However, shortening activation time constants generated by produces failures response stimulation. also spectrum density reduction required synchronization interneuron network gamma oscillations. Our findings indicate intensities may not only direct excitation sensitive ion channels and/or pumps generating approach serves as guide design minimize role heating experimental outcome.