Clinically-derived vagus nerve stimulation enhances cerebrospinal fluid penetrance.

摘要: Abstract Introduction Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is an FDA-approved neuromodulatory treatment used in the clinic today for epilepsy, depression, and cluster headaches. Moreover, evidence literature has led to a growing list of possible clinical indications, with several small trials applying VNS treat conditions ranging from neurodegenerative diseases arthritis, anxiety disorders, obesity. Despite therapeutic applications, fundamental mechanisms by which achieves its beneficial effects are poorly understood. In parallel, glymphatic meningeal lymphatic systems have recently been described as methods brain maintains healthy homeostasis removes waste without traditionally defined system. particular, system relates interchange cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) interstitial (ISF) whose net effect wash through parenchyma removing metabolic products misfolded proteins. Objective/Hypothesis As well-documented on many pathways linked clearance brain, we hypothesized that could increase CSF penetrance brain. Methods We injected low molecular weight lysine-fixable fluorescent tracer (TxRed-3kD) into mice cervical vagus cuff implant measured amount following application clinically-derived paradigm (30 Hz, 10% duty cycle). Results found group showed significant compared naive control sham groups. Conclusion (s): This study demonstrates strategies already being applied may induce intended and/or unwanted side altering CSF/ISF exchange broad implications various CNS pathologies.