Normal and pathologic anatomy of the lumbar root canals.

摘要: Eighty-three degenerated human lumbar spines (274 segments) were frozen in situ, some after injection of contrast medium into the arteries or functional positioning. No single orthogonal plane ideally displays complex three-dimensional relationships long osseoligamentous root canals; detailed anatomic images therefore obtained axial, sagittal coronal planes with a surface cryoplaning technique. Typical degenerative changes included bulging intervertebral discs, retropulsion annulus fibrosus remnants, and formation sclerotic, circumferential ridges around vertebral endplates. Osteoarthritic facet joints exhibited osteophytosis superior articular process, cartilage erosion, degeneration buckling capsular ligamentum flavum, effusion, hemarthrosis, derangement meniscoid synovial folds. On extension rotation there was significant encroachment on nerve radicular vessels; importance segmental blood circulation is discussed.