Introduction to the Symposium: Stress Phenotype: Linking Molecular, Cellular, and Physiological Stress Responses to Fitness.

摘要: Although most organisms respond to environmental and social stressors by initiating a stress response that is expected increase fitness, we currently lack information about how the integrated across levels of biological organization. Organismal biologists physiological ecologists have tended focus on questions related glucocorticoid varies ecological contexts whereas, molecular cellular typically investigated fundamental underlying mechanisms. However, it becoming increasingly clear comprehensive understanding evolution will require integrative studies span analyses. This be critical for predicting selection influence expression this complex phenotype at organismal level, as well integration mechanisms evolutionary selection. As diverse are experience rising exposure in face anthropogenic disturbance climate change, urgent. The overarching goals symposium were bring together researchers study organization identify important gaps knowledge novel research approaches could used advance field.