Enhanced embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) callus by activated charcoal in solid/liquid double-layer cultures

摘要: Abstract Enhanced embryogenesis and plant regeneration methods were established in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L. cv. ‘Delilah’) using hypocotyl segments as explants. Callus formation, followed by pro-embryogenic aggregates globular embryoids required liquid shake cultures. In medium, however, many of the developed into abnormal structures — ‘neomorphs’ or succulent plantlets. Embryoids subcultured to stationary agar cultures dedifferentiated underwent secondary embryogenesis. Neither increased osmolarity nor adding abscisic acid (ABA), zeatin activated charcoal medium inhibited morphogenesis. The use double layer containing lower ABA with elevated calcium upper phase prevented dedifferentiation allowed normal organized growth embryoids. Hardening vitro partial desiccation CaSO 4 under aseptic conditions improved plantlet's leaf their survival after transplanting soil.