E-learning in medical education in resource constrained low- and middle-income countries

摘要: In the face of severe faculty shortages in resource-constrained countries, medical schools look to e-learning for improved access education. This paper summarizes literature on low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), presents spectrum tools strategies used. Researchers reviewed using terms related pre-service education health professionals LMIC. Search were connected Boolean Operators “AND” “OR” capture all relevant article suggestions. Using standard decision criteria, reviewers narrowed suggestions a final 124 articles. Of articles found, most referred Brazil (14 articles), India (14), Egypt (10) South Africa (10). While has been used by variety workers LMICs, majority (58%) reported physician training, while 24% focused nursing, pharmacy dentistry training. Although reasons investing varied, expanded was at core implementation which included providing supplementary support their teaching, expanding pool connecting partner and/or community teaching sites, sharing digital resources use students. E-learning takes many forms. Blended learning approaches common methodology presented (49 articles) computer-assisted (CAL) comprised (45 articles). Other simulations multimedia software (20 web-based eTutor/eMentor programs (3 69 that evaluated effectiveness tools, 35 studies compared outcomes between other approaches, 34 qualitatively analyzed student attitudes toward modalities. is means an end, rather than end itself. Utilizing can result greater educational opportunities students simultaneously enhancing efficiency. However, this potential assumes certain level institutional readiness human infrastructural not always present LMICs. Institutional adoption ensures alignment new economic context.