From the Outside-In: The Francisella tularensis Envelope and Virulence.

摘要: Francisella tularensis is a highly-infectious bacterium that causes the rapid, and often lethal disease, tularemia. Many studies have been performed to identify characterize virulence factors F. uses infect wide variety of hosts host cell types, evade immune defenses, induce severe disease death. This review focuses on are present in envelope, including capsule, LPS, outer membrane, periplasm, inner secretion systems, various molecules each aforementioned sub-compartments. Whereas, no single bacterial molecule or molecular complex single-handedly controls virulence, we here how diverse systems work conjunction subvert system, attach invade cells, alter phagosome/lysosome maturation pathways, replicate cells without being detected, inhibit apoptosis, death for release infection adjacent cells. Given envelope outermost layer bacterium, highlight herein many these directly interact with promote disease. These future important advance our collective understanding mechanisms offer targets vaccine development efforts.