Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 infection and disease in Spain.

摘要: : Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is a neglected disease despite roughly 15 million people are chronically infected worldwide. Lifelong less than 10% of carriers develop life-threatening diseases, mostly subacute myelopathy known as tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP) and lymphoproliferative disorder named adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). HTLV-1 efficiently transmitted perinatally (breastfeeding), sexually (more from men to women) parenterally (transfusions, injection drug user (IDU), transplants). To date there neither prophylactic vaccine nor effective antiviral therapy. A total 327 cases had been reported at the Spanish registry until December 2016, whom 34 diagnosed with TSP 25 ATL. Overall 62% were Latin American immigrants 13% persons African origin. The incidence in Spain has remained stable for nearly decade 20-25 new yearly. Of 21 newly during year one was native Spaniard pregnant woman, four presented symptomatic disease, including three ATL TSP. Underdiagnosis must be high (iceberg model), which may account disproportionate rate (almost 20%) late recognition preventable transmissions special populations, such newborns transplant recipients. Our current estimate 10 000 living Spain. Given large flux visitors endemic regions Spain, expansion screening policies warranted. At this time, it seems worth recommending HTLV testing all donor/recipient organ transplants women regardless place birth. Although leukoreduction procedures largely prevent transmission by blood transfusions, first-time donors should cost-effective contributing unveil asymptomatic unaware carriers.