Ecology of interactions between weeds and arthropods.

摘要: Weeds and arthropods interact in agricultural systems. can directly serve as food sources or provide other ecosystem resources for herbivorous arthropods, indirectly carnivorous (beneficial) by providing shelter to their prey. alternative hosts pest beneficial when preferred crop host is absent. Herbivory on crops reduces the competitive ability of plants, leading increased weed growth. Interactions between weeds have several implications integrated management (IPM). Pest arthropod populations be maintained absence hosts. This statement also applies all pests that use a source, including pathogens, nematodes, mollusks, vertebrates. outside fields maintain overwintering are major reason development area-wide IPM programs certain mobile pests. source diversity agroecosystems. Increased has been rationale enhancing biological control through habitat management. The consequences such approaches difficult predict multispecies basis.