An analysis of the climate of Macaronesia, 1865–2012

摘要: New monthly, long-running, continuous surface air temperature records for four island chains throughout the Macaronesian biogeographical zone in North Atlantic Ocean are presented. The run from 1865 Azores and Madeira, 1885 Canary Islands 1895 Cape Verde. Recent (1981-2010) warming across these islands is significant summer (JJA) Islands, Verde ranging 0.40 to 0.46°C per decade. Annually, trends this period range 0.30 0.38°C decade all (significant but Islands), which exceed station-based, average global rise by up 0.10°C Precipitation multiple Macaronesia also presented addition sea-level pressure wet season (ASO) precipitation found have significantly increased at two of our three sites 1981 2010. Azores, Madeira display no changes, although stations a recent positive tendency. extended record allows us construct an entirely station-based Azores-Iceland Oscillation index (NAOI) 2012 extend daily back 1944, further than longest previous NAOI 6 years. In addition, we use difference between create novel method characterizing trade wind strength Macaronesia, Trade Wind (TWI), points towards recent, statistically increase (since 1973) region. Links winter NAOI, TWI explored, as differences analogous subtropical chains, most be slower rates stations. © 2013 Royal Meteorological Society.