The Behavioral and Physiological Ecology of Adult Rubyspot Damselflies (Hetaerina, Calopterygidae, Odonata)

摘要: Abstract We review the behavioral and physiological ecology of rubyspot damselflies before, during, after copulation. Adult rubyspots are sexually dimorphic, with males bearing a red wing spot. For reproduction, aggregate defend sunny river spots in lek fashion: they mate passing females take them to communal vegetation sites for oviposition. Three alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs) used: territorial (those that site), nonterritorial do not switcher can switch between former two tactics). Males using three ARTs differ attributes related spot size, flight immune ability, which male quality condition. In general, production is costly when food scarce therefore large sizes associated high mating success survival. A key inducer sexual activities juvenile hormone (JH). However, JH titers negatively affect their expression situations demand, young may skip defence, while old keep activity, supporting scenario terminal investment. During copulation, remove sperm from female's storage organs mechanisms: sensory stimulation direct physical removal. The mechanism evolved through bias control egg release fertilization. precopulatory interaction be better understood conflict where, due intense harassment, have reduced rate. This female survival energetic resources.