Personalized medicine: challenging pharmaceutical and diagnostic company business models.

摘要: The phrase "Personalized Medicine" has been alternately broadly and narrowly defined. Under its broadest definition, clinicians have providing personalized medicine for as long there medical practice - physicians employ diagnostic tools, whether in vitro tests, imaging techniques, or symptomology to determine a particular condition, then go on prescribe the appropriate treatment, drug otherwise. However, it is pharmacogenomics -- ability test variations genes their expression through molecular diagnostics treat with targeted drugs that shapes narrower, more potent, definition of medicine. For patients physicians, offers apparently clear clinical advantages biomarker points directly most therapeutic intervention. This turn leads predictable outcomes, enhanced efficacy identification responders, potential reduction adverse reactions. would be sea change at least some practice, where certain may now prescribed something trial error basis therapy effective only portion treated patients. While well-established practices patients, concept presents direct challenge business models two other health care stakeholders essential realization medicine-pharmaceutical companies. At core central question- how will paradigm these companies' innovation commercialization approaches? question can aimed nearly every aspect stakeholders' current strategies- trials are conducted, depth breadth evidence developed, and, perhaps importantly, value created captured.